Scraper



J. P. HElL Nov. 8, 1938.

SCRAPER Filed Jan. 22, 1936 Sheets-Sheet 1 MFW ATToRNEY J. P. HEIL Nov.8, 1938.

SCRAPER Filed Jan. 22, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY.,

NOV. 8, 1938. J L 2,136,102

SCRAPER Filed Jan. 22, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 @wTOR.

ATToRNEY Patented Nov. 8,1938 2,136,102

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SCRAPER Julius P. Hell, Whitefish Bay, Wis.,assignor to The Heil 00., Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of WisconsinApplication January 22; 1936, Serial No. 60,245 23 Claims. (Cl- 37-126)My present invention relates generally to immain dirt receiving andcarrying bowl and the provements in the art of grading, and relates rearapron are combined into a single unit which more specifically toimprovements in the conis merely tilted during the unloading operationstruction -and operation of mechanical scrapers so as to effect removalof the charge by gravity,

for leveling and transporting ground. thereby materially facilitatingand hastening the 5 Generally stated, an object of my present indeliveryof the load. vention is to provide an improved scraper assem- A furtherspecific object of my invention is blage which is simple, compact anddurable in the provision of a hydraulically actuated jackasconstruction, and which is moreover highly efsemblage for deliveringthe charges from a scrapficient and flexible in operation. er bowl,which is simple and compact in construc- 10 As shown and described inthe prior application, and which is furthermore extremely eflfection ofEarl B. Maloon, Serial No. 43,137, filed tive in operation October 2,1935, Patent No. 2,095,759, it has here- Still another specific objectof this invention is tofore been proposed to provide a mechanicalto-provide improved bowl supporting and actuatscraper assemblagecomprising a main dirt reing structure especially applicable to dig and15 ceiving bowl open at its opposite ends and .tiltable carry scrapersof large capacity, and which greatabout a rear pivot, a main frametiltable about a ly facilitates the manipulation of such machines.

front pivot and having spaced rearwardly ex- These and other specificobjects and advantending rigid arms the medial portions of which tagesof my present invention, will be apparent are pivotally connected to thefront end of the from the following detailed description. 20 bowl, afront apron swingable toward and away A clear conception of anembodiment ofv my from the front of the bowl, a rear apron swingpresentinvention, and of the mode of constructable longitudinally within thebowl, and means ing and of manipulating scrapers built in accordforrelatively moving -the frame and bowl and ance with the improvement, maybe had by referthe aprons during normal operation of the maring to thedrawings accompanying and forming 25 chine. In this prior machine, thefunction of a part of this specification wherein like reference thefront apron is to confine dirt within the main characters designate thesame or similar parts bowl by closing the front end of the latter during,in the various views. transportation of the loads, and the purpose ofFig. 1 is a part sectional side view of one of the rear apron is toenclose the rear end and to the improved scrapers, showing the same indig- 30 eject the load from within the main bowl when ging or loadingposition with the front apron the front apron has been withdrawn. Theaprons elevated; are swingable back and forth by means of hy- Fig. 2 isa side elevation of the scraper unit draulic jacks, and because of thefact that the showing the same just after final loading but rear 'apronmust travel a considerable distance in prior to complete elevation ofthe cutting edge, 5 order to insure complete removal of the'dirt, it thefront apron having been moved to partially requires an actuating jackhaving a relatively closed position; long stroke especially in scrapersof large capaci- Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the scraper assemty. Thentoo, because of'the fact that this rear blage, showing the parts in loadtransporting 4 apron must shift the entire charge directly alongposition with the front apron completely closed; 40 the bottom of themain bowl during the unload- Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the scrapingmaing operation, it necessitates provision of a relachine, showing thefront apron and the main tively large andpowerful jack for advancing thebowl in charge unloading position;

rear apron, thus making this prior structure rel- Fig. 5 is a full topview of the improved scraper;

atively cumbersome and costly in construction and a 45 especially withreference to the rear upon assem- Fig. 6 is a front view of the machine.blage. While the invention has been shown and de- It is therefore a morespecific object of my presscribed herein as having been appliedspecifically ent invention to provide animproved scraper of to a roadscraper of the dig and carry type havthe above defined general type,having new and ing the front apron and the main bowl hydrauli- 50 usefulmechanism of simplified construction for cally actuated, it is notdesired to unnecessarily unloading the charges with minimum powerconrestrict the scope by virtue of this specific emsumption. bodiment.

Another specific object of the present inven- By referring to thedrawings, it will be noted tion is to provide an assemblage wherein thethat the present improved scraper assembly com- 55 prises in general amain receptacle or bowl 8 which is swingably mounted within a bowlsupport 9, the latter being pivotally mounted to swing about the rearaxle III; a main frame I I supported to tilt or swing about a frontfulcrum l2 and having rearwardly projecting spaced integral side arms l3extending along the opposite sides of the bowl support 9; alined pivotsl4 connecting the opposite side walls ii of the support 9 with medialportions of the arms l3; a front apron l6 swingably suspended from thepivots l4 and movable toward and away from the transverse cutter I'lcarried by the support 9; a plurality of independently functioninghydraulic jacks for actuating the bowl 8 and apron l6, and forrelatively moving the support 9 and the frame H; and power means of wellknown construction for operating the jacks.

The main scoop or bowl 8 is preferably formed of relatively heavy sheetmetal and has a rear wall l8 and opposite side walls l9 formed rigid orintegral with the bottom, the forward portion of the latter beingswingably secured to the bowl support 9 closely adjacent to the cutterI! by means of a stiff pivot 20. The side walls l9 of the bowl 8 areadapted to slide in substantial engagement with the internal surfaces ofthe side walls l5 of the support 9, and the rear wall l8 of the bowl isprovided with integral ears which carry a pivot 2|.

The bowl support 9 which is pivotally mounted to swing about therearaxle I0, is also preferably formed of heavy sheet metal plateswelded or otherwise rigidly united. The spaced side walls ii of thesupport 9, between which the bowl 8 is mounted, are definitely spacedand rigidly interconnected by means of a cutter supporting beam 22 atthe lower front portions; and by upper and lower beams 23, 24respectively, at the rear. These rear beams 23, 24 provide a firmseating for the bowl 8 when the latter is swung rearwardly and.downwardly as far as possible about its pivot 20, and other transversebeams may also be provided for the purpose of supporting the rear walll8 and the bottom of the bowl 8 when the latter is in loading position.The cutter I! which is shown as being reversibly attached to the beam22, may if desired, be attached to and carried directly by the bowl 8,this being an obvious modification of the present'assembly. The rearbeams 23, 24 of the support 9 are also'provided with rearwardlyextending spaced rigid plates 25 which are swingably associated with themedial portion of the rear axle l between the rear wheels 26, as clearlyshown in Fig. 6.

The main frame H is also preferably formed of heavy steel plate weldedor otherwise rigidly united, and the side arms l3 of the frame are oftubular construction being rigidly attached at their forward ends to theopposite ends of a hollow cross-beam 21 the medial portion of which islikewise connected to the front goose-neck which carries the frontfulcrum l2. -The fulcrum l2 rests upon a suitable draw bar 28 which issupported by the axle of the front wheels 29 in a well known manner.This suspension of the main frame ll upon the fulcrum l2, and thesimilar suspension of the bowl support 9 upon the rear axle l0, combinedwith the attachment between these elementsafforded by the pivots l4,provides a toggle whereby the cutter I! may be raised and loweredrelative to the ground.

The front apron l6 which is swingably suspended from the alined pivots I4, is also formed of heavy steel plate and comprises a curved forwardwall having a cutter 30 secured to the lower edge thereof, and parallelside plates 3| provided with rear extensions which are slidably'cooperable with the external surfaces of the side walls l of the bowlsupport 9. The mounting of this front apron l6 upon the spaced pivotsl4, obviously avoids obstruction to loading of the bowl 8 to its fullestextent and above the tops of the walls I 5, and the cutter 39 is adaptedto cooperate with the main cutter I! in order to insure complete closureof the front of the bowl 8 when the scraper is loaded. The outer side ofeach of the side plates'3l is provided with a bracket which carries apivot pin 32 for eflecting manipulation of the apron [6 in a manner tobe subsequently described.

The hydraulic jack mechanism for actuating the bowl 8 and the apron I6,and for relatively moving the support 9 and the frame ll, comprisesindependently operable hydraulic Jacks preferably controllable from aremote station such as the operators seat of a propelling tractor. Themain bowl 8 is capable of being swung about its supporting pivot 29 tounload the charges by means of a single double-acting hydraulic jackdisposed between the plates 25 of the'bowl support 9, and comprising asubstantially horizontal cylinder 33 mounted to swing on trunnions 34,and a piston movable within the cylinder 33 and having a rod 35 attachedto the pivot 2| carried by the rear wall ll of the bowl 8. The frontapron I6 is swingable about its suspension pivots l4 by means of asingle double-acting hydraulic jack disposed adjacent the outer side ofone of the plates 25, and comprising a substantially vertical cylinder33 mounted to swing on trunnions 31, and a piston movable within thecylinder 38 and having a rod 38 pivotally attached to the swinging endof an arm 39 secured to .the medial portion of a crossshaft 40. Thecross-shaft 49 is journalled in bearings secured to the rear ends of theside plates l5, and has a lever 4| secured to each of the opposite endsthereof; and each of these levers 4| is pivotally attached to the rearend of a connection or link 42 the front end of which coacts with thecorresponding pivot pin 32 carried by the adjacent apron plate 3|. Thesupport 9 and frame II are relatively movable about the pivots l4 toraise and lower the cutter IT, by means of twin double-acting hydraulicjacks disposed near the rear .ends of the'frame-arms I 3, and eachcomprising a substantially upright cylinder 43 mounted to swing upontrunnions 44 journalled in ears 45 formed integral with the lowercross-beam 24, and a piston movable within the cylinder 43 and having arod 46 attached to a cross-beam 41 which rigidly connects the rear endsof the arms I3, by means of a pivot 48. The hydraulic jacks are ofrelatively standard construction and the cylinders 33, 36, 43

- thereof are provided with liquid inlet and exhaust ports 49 at theiropposite ends which may communicate with a hydraulic control system ofthe type forming the subject of a patent, No. 2,112,466, to Earl B.Maloon. The manually operable control valves of this system may. aspreviously indicated, be located upon the propelling tractor attached tothe draw-bar 28 by a coupling pin 59, and may be connected with theports 49 by means of flexible conduits and piping passing rearwardlythrough the hollow frame beams 21,41 and arms l3 so as to avoidinterfering with the normal operation of the mechanisms.

During normal digging operation of my improved scraper unit, theassemblage is being transported along the ground by a tractor attachedto the draw-bar 50, and the main bowl land front apron ii are positionedas shown in Fig. 1. The cutter I1 is then being forced through theground, and the material which is pried loose by this cutter is causedto advance rearwardly into the bowl and to build up against the rearwall "thereof as clearly shown in the drawings. This loading operationof the scraper may'continue until the bowl 8 is completely filled sothat some of the material will fall forwardly into the front apron l8.When a proper charge has been admitted, the front apron l6 may belowered by the operator located on the tractor, and the arms l3 of themain frame Il may be simultaneously elevated to raise the cutter l1 awayfrom the ground, as indicated in Fig. 2. When the piston rod" iselevated, the arm 39 and the levers ll are swung about the axis of thecross-shaft 40, thereby causing the connecting rods 42 to swing theapron l6 toward closed position. When the piston rods 46 are elevated,the arms l3 of the frame i I will cause the pivots M to rise, therebylifting the cutter away from the ground as previously referred to.During this closing movement of the apron l6, and elevation of thecutter II, the main dirt carrying bowl 8- remains undisturbed, and theelements eventually resume carrying position as shown in Fig. 3. Theload may thereafter be transported by the tractor to any convenientplace, and will be effectively confined during such transportation.

When it becomes desirable to unload the scraper, the hydraulic jacks mayagain be manipulated to position the various parts as shown in Fig. 4.When it is desired to unload, the apron l6 should first be elevated byoperation of its actuating v the operator may jolt the main bowl so asto insure complete removal of thecharge, whereupon the bowl 8 may againbe returned to a posltion of engagement with the beams 23, Hand is readyfor subsequent loading.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that the improvedscraper may be ,quickly and conveniently manipulated by an operatorpositioned upon the tractor, to efi'ect every desired operation. Theseveral hydraulic jack mechanisms which are independently operable,'

may be manipulated to rapidly position the bowl 8, apron i8, and thecutter IT, in any desired position: I Thecharge is effectively confinedwithin the bowl 8 by virtue of the fact that the rear wall I8 is formedintegral with the bottom, and that the side walls l9 slidably cooperatewith the inner surfaces of the walls IS. The portion of the charge whichis deposited into the front apron I8, is likewise effectively confinedtherein by virtue of the fact that the side walls 3| of the apron l8have slidable coaction with and overlap the outer surfaces of the wallsl5. It will also be apparent that by tilting the main bowl 8 to deliverthe charges, a relatively short cylinder 33 may be utilized in theactuating jack for the main bowl, and this tilting of the main bowlalsoeffectively delivers the successive charges bygravity and with minimumpower consumption. The frame ll cooperating with the bowl support 9,provides simple and effective means for raising and lowering the cutteri1, and by suspending the apron IS on the same pivots II which connectthe frame II with the bowl support 9, a simplified structure results.The improved scraper is moreover entirely free from obstruction abovethe bowl 8 and apron l8, thereby permitting filling of the scraper to anextent far beyond the rated capacity thereof.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit the presentinvention to the exact details of construction and to the precise modeof operation herein shown and described, for various modificationswithin the scope of the claims may occur to persons skilled in the art.

I claim:

1. In a scraper, a bowl having a bottom and a rear wall and an openfront end, a support upon which said bowl is pivotally mounted, saidsupport having a rear sustaining pivot, means for tilting said bowlrelative to said support to deliver material therefrom, a frame tiltableabout a front fulcrum and having arms extending along said support, apivotal connection between said arms and said bowl support, an apronswingable about said connection toward and away from the front of saidbowl, and means coacting with said arms for relatively moving saidsupport and frame about said pivotal connection to bodily raise'andlower said bowl.

2. In a scraper, a bowl support tiltable about a rear pivot, a bowlhaving a rear wall and a bottom pivotally attached near its forward endto the front end of said support, means for tilt- I ing said bowlrelative to said support to deliver material therefrom, a framehaving afront ful-.

mm and a rearwardly extending portion pivotally attached to said supportnear the front of said bowl, an apron swingably suspended from thepivotal attachment between said frame and support, and means interposedbetween said frame and said support for bodily raising and lowering saidbowl.

3. In a scraper, a bowl support tiltable about a rear pivot, a bowlhaving a rear wall and a bottom pivotally attached near its forward endto the front end of said support, means for tilting said bowl relativeto said support to deliver material therefrom, a frame having a frontfulcrum and a rear portion adjacent said support, a

pivotal connection between said rear frame portion and the forwardportion of said support, an. apron swingable about said connectiontoward and away from the front of said bowl, and means.

for relatively moving said frame and support about said pivotalconnection to bodily raise and lower said bowl.

4. In a scraper, a bowl support tiltable about a 4 said support, meansfor tilting said support about,

said rear pivot to bodily lower said bowl, and an apron movable towardand away from the front of said bowl, said apron having side wallsslidably 7 cooperable with the external surfaces of said support walls.

5. In ascraper, a bowl support having rigidly connected parallel sidewalls tiltable about a rear. pivot, a cutter rigidly attached to thelower front portion of said support, a load carrying bowl pivotallysecured to said support near said cutter and having a bottom and rearand side walls extending upwardly from said bottom, said side bowl wallsbeing slidably cooperable with said parallelside walls, means forswinging said bowl relative to said support to precipitate materialtherefrom over said cutter, and means for tilting said support to lowersaid cutter.

6. In a scraper, a bowl support having rigidly connected parallel sidewalls tiltable about a rear pivotpa cutter rigidly attached to the lowerfront portion of said support, a load carrying bowl pivotally secured tosaid support near said cutter and having a bottom and rear and sidewalls extending-upwardly from said bottom, said side bowl walls beingslidably cooperable with said parallel side walls, means for swingingsaid bowl relative to said support to precipitate material therefromover said cutter, means for tilting said support to lower said cutter,and a front apron pivotally-"suspended from said side walls andmovabletoward and away from said cutter.

7. In a scraper, a bowl support having parallel side walls and beamsrigidly connecting the front and. rear portions of said walls, saidsupport beinglmovable toward and away from the ground, a cutter rigidlyattached to the lower front portion of said support, a load receivingand supporting bowl having a bottom and integral rear and side walls,said rear wall being cooperable with said rear beams to support saidbowl in loading position and said side bowl walls being slidablycooperable with said parallel side walls, and means for swinging saidbowl within said support about a lower pivotal axis.

8. In a scraper, a bowl support having parallel side walls and beamsrigidly connecting the front and rear portions of said walls, saidsupport being movable toward and away from the ground, a cutterassociated with the lower front portion of said support, a bowl having abottom and integral rear and side walls, said rear wall being cooperablewith said rear beams to support said bowl in loading position and saidside bowl walls being slidably cooperable with said parallel side walls,means for swinging said bowl within said support about a lower pivotalaxis, and a front apron pivotally suspended from the upper frontportions of said parallel side walls and movable toward and away fromsaid cutter.

9. In a scraper. a support tiltable about a rear pivot and having sidewalls, a cutter carried by said support, a frame tiltable about a frontfulcrum and having rigid rearwardly extending arms pivotally attached tosaid support walls, means for relatively moving said support and saidframe to raise and lower the cutter, aload carrying bowl having sidewalls slidably cooperating with the internal surfaces of said supportwalls to eject material from said support, and an apron having sidewalls slidably cooperable with the external surfaces of said supportwalls for closing the front of said support.

10. In a scraper, a support tiltable about a rear pivot and havingparallel side walls, a cutter associated with said support at the lowerfront portion of said walls, a frame tiltable about a front fulcrum andhaving rearwardly extending arms, pivot means connecting the medialportions of said arms to the upper front portion of said walls, meansfor relatively moving said support and said frame about said pivot meansto raise and lower said cutter, a load carrying bowl having side wallsslidably cooperable with the internal surfaces of said support walls toeject material from within said support, and a front apron swingablysuspended from said pivot means and having side plates slidablycooperable with the external surfaces of said side support walls forclosing the front of said support.

11. In a scraper, a bowl having a bottom and a rear wall and an openfront end, a rear support upon which said bowl is pivotally mounted,means for tilting said bowl relative to said support to deliver materialfrom the bowl, a front frame having rearwardly extending arms connectedby alined pivots to said support, an apron pivotally suspended directlyfrom the same pivots which connect said frame and said support, saidapron cooperating with said bowl to confine material therein, and meanscooperable with said arms and said support for relatively moving saidparts to raise and lower said bowl.

12. In a scraper, a movable bowl support having material engaging andconfining side walls, a bowl having a bottom and rear and side walls thelatter of which are slidable along and cooperable with the innersurfaces of said support walls to confine material within said bowl, apivot connecting said bowl with said support, means for swinging saidbowl about said pivot to deliver material therefrom, an apron pivotallysuspended from said support and having side walls slidable 4 along andcooperable with the outer surfaces of said support walls to confinematerial within said bowl, means for moving said apron toward and awayfrom said bowl, and means for moving said support to raise and lowersaid bowl and said apron.

13. In a scraper, a bowl support having parallel laterally spacedmaterial engaging and confining side walls, a bowl having a bottom andintegral parallel side walls the latter of which are slidable along andcooperable with the inner surfaces of said support walls to confinematerial within said bowl, means movably connecting said bowl and saidsupport, means for moving said bowl about said connecting means todeliver material therefrom, an apron movably suspended from said supportand having integral parallel side walls slidable along and cooperablewith the outer surfaces of said support walls to confine material withinsaid 'bowl, and means for moving said apron toward and away from saidbowl.

14. In a scraper, a bowl support having material engaging and confiningside walls, a bowl movably suspended from said support and having sidewalls slidable along and cooperable with the inner surfaces of saidsupport walls to confine material within said bowl, and an apron movablysuspended from said support and having side walls slidable along andcooperable with the outer surfaces of said support walls to confinematerial within said bowl.

15. In a scraper, a supporting frame movable about a rear fulcrum andhaving a transverse scraper blade and side walls adjoining the bladeends, a bowl carried by and tiltable relative to said frame and havingside walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, means forsupporting said bowl in a position to receive the material removed bysaid blade, means for tilting said bowl to dump the load toward saidblade, and means for effecting movement of said frame about said fulcrumto lower and raise said blade.

16. In a scraper, a supporting frame tiltable about a rear pivot andhaving a transverse scraper blade and side walls at the ends of saidblade, a bowl swingable relative to said frame about an axis locatedforwardly of said pivot and near said blade and having side wallsslidably cooperable with said frame walls, means for supporting saidbowl in a position to receive the load passing rearwardly over saidblade, means for swinging said bowl upwardly about said axis to dump theload forwardly over said blade, and

means for effecting swinging of said frame aboutsaid rear pivot to lowerand raise said blade.

17. In a scraper, a supporting frame movable about a rear fulcrum andhaving a transverse scraper blade and side walls at the ends of saidblade, a bowl carried by and tiltable relative to said frame and havingside walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, means forsupport,- ing said bowl in a position with its bottom extendingapproximately horizontally away from said blade to receive the materialremoved by said blade, means for tilting said bowl to dump the loadtoward said blade, and mechanism for effecting movement of said frameabout said fulcrum to lower and raise said blade, said mechanism beingoperable from a remote station 1o cated forwardly of said bowl.

18. In a scraper, a supporting frame tiltable about a rear pivot andhaving a transverse scraper blade and side walls at the ends of saidblade, a 'bowl swingable relative to said frame about an axis locatedforwardly of said pivot and near said blade, said bowl having integralside walls extending upwardly from its bottom and slidably cooperablewith said frame walls, means for supporting said bowl in a position withits bottom extending approximately horizontally away from said blade toreceive the load passing rearwardly over said blade, means for swingingsaid bowl upwardly about said axis to dump the load forwardly over saidblade, and-mechanism for effecting movement of said frame about saidfulcrum to lower and raise said blade, said mechanism being operablefrom aremote station located forwardly of said bowl.

19. In a scraper, a frame having a transverse scraper blade supported infixed position thereon and also having side walls at the ends of saidblade, a bowl pivotally supported on said frame and having a bottom andintegral side walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, mechanismfor swinging said bowl to precipitate material therefrom over saidblade, a front draft wheel for supporting said frame, a rear trailerwheel for supporting said frame, mechanism forraising and lowering saidblade with respect to said wheels during normal advancement of thescraper, and means for. controlling the operation of said mechanismsfrom a remote station located near salddraft wheel.

20. In a scraper, a frame having a transverse scraperblade supported infixed position thereon and also having fixed side walls at the oppositeends of said blade, a bowl pivotally supported on said frame and havingside walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, mechanism forswinging said bowl to precipitate material therefrom oversaid' blade, afront draft wheel for supporting said frame, a rear trailer wheel forsupporting said frame, mechanism. for raising and lowering said bladewith respect to said wheels during normal advancement of the scraper,said mechanisms coacting with the rear of said bowl and with the rearextremity of said'frame, and means for controlling the operation of saidmechanisms from a remote station located near said draft wheel.

21. In a scraper, a frame having a transverse scraper blade rigidlyattached thereto and also having side walls rigidly attached to theblade ends, a bowl pivotally suspended from said frame and having sidewalls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, a front draft wheel forsupporting said frame, a rear trailer wheel for supporting said frame,mechanisms for swinging said bowl to precipitate material therefrom oversaid blade and for raising and lowering said blade with respect to saidwheels during normal advancement of the scraper, and means forcontrolling the operation of said mechanisms from a remote stationlocated near said draft wheel.

22. In a scraper, a frame having a transverse scraper blade rigidlyattached thereto and also having side walls rigidly attached to theblade ends, a bowl pivotally suspended from said framescraper bladerigidly attached thereto and also having side walls at the blade ends, abowl pivotally suspended from said frame and having side walls slidablycooperable with said frame walls, mechanism for swinging said bowl toprecipitate material therefrom over said blade, a front apron pivotallysuspended from said frame and being movable toward and away from saidblade, supporting wheels for said frame, mechanism for raising andlowering said blade with respect to said wheels during normaladvancement of the scraper, and means for controlling the operation ofall of said mechanisms from a remote station located forwardly of thescraper.

JULIUS RHEIL

